Malformation arteriovenous (AVM), secondary subarachnoid hemorrhage and venous thrombosis are forms of stroke anomalies. The pathogenesis of diseases mentioned two first are the appearance of a brain hemorrhage, enter into the subarachnoid space on the surface or the ventricles. While in the deep venous thrombosis, simple cerebral venous occlusion is the main cause.
Arteriovenious malformation (AVM)
These developmental abnormalities consist of abnormal arterial systems and veiny, resulting in a dilated vessels cluster communications. Vary in size from a few millimeters up to enormous masses of lying in the bark or white matter usually in the later half of the cerebral hemispheres. Generally become symptomatic during the second or third. Initially, they present as hemorrhage subarachnoid, focal epilepsy, vascular headache, hemiparesis, or any focal neurological deficits. The combination of epilepsy with subarachnoid hemorrhage should propose this possibility. Skull x-ray may reveal abnormal venous channels with so-called linear calcification. Arteriography delineates the abnormal vessels. Surgical treatment includes artificial feeding, tubal ligation of the arteries feeding and resection of the AVM ships embolization.
Hemorrhage secondary subarachoid
This happens when the brain hemorrhage blood enters the subarachnoid space on the surface or the ventricles. Other less common causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage include malignant tumors, trauma, disorders and Thrombocytopenic Purpura and hemophilia bleed and haemorrhagic meningitis. In these cases, the underlying disease clinical trials will be evident.
Deep vein thrombosis
This is either secondary bacterial thrombophlebitis or due to cerebral venous occlusion simple (Phlebothrombosis). Intracranial Thrombophlebitis is usually secondary to infections in the middle ear, sinus, mastoids or skin on the face. Lateral sinuses, cavernous sinus and upper longitudinal sinus are commonly involved. Side within commonly involved. Lateral sinus thrombosis, the infection spreads involve bulb jugular to give place to the syndrome of foramen jugular with paralysis of the IX, X, XI cranial nerves. In such patients, jugular vein compression ipsilateral is incapable of producing increased CSF pressure while doing testing of Queckenstedt, while examination is normal if you compress the another vein jugular. Cavernous sinus thrombosis is generally secondary infections sinus ethmoid or jaws or skin around the eyes and nose. Clinical features include fever high degree, chemosis conjunctiva, proptosis and ipsilaterla eyelid oedema. Later the background shows papilledema with retinal hemorrhage and there is no fifth participation in the third, fourth, sixth and ophthalmic Division of the cranial nerves. A few days, the infection spreads in the cavernous sinus of the interconnection of vessels. Sooner or later meningeal infection supervenes and develops meningitis.
In upper longitudinal sinus occlusion, symptoms begin with unilateral seizure and hemiplegia. Later when the occlusion spreads to involve higher cerebral veins on the opposite side, produces paraplegia. In all these cases, the foot high grade and toxemia are present. Treatment consists of high doses of antibiotics appropriate and General measures to prevent cerebral edema, and seizures. Once the infection is controlled, the focus of the ear or offensive sinus infection should be surgically addressed to prevent recurrence.
Sometimes, even in the absence of intracranial infection, occlusion sinues, or top saggital lateral sinus develops with intracranial tension rise. Predisposing causes include States postpartum and postoperative, cyanotic congenital heart disease, Polycythemia vera, and sickle cell disease. A stroke that occur in the background of this clinical setting is suggestive of venous thrombosis. Deep vein thrombosis develops more slowly and has a greater potential of epileptogenic arterial occlusion. There is a great tendency to develop haemorrhagic infarction. Treatment includes the correction of basic disease, cerebral edema, antiepileptic drugs and treatment of the infection reduction if present.
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