Nutritional disorders of the nervous system

The central and peripheral nervous system may suffer deprivation of various nutrients. Pyridoxine (vitamin B6), thiamine (vitamin B1), cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12), Nicotinic Acid (vitamin B3), Pantothenic acid deficiencies are important among them.

Nutritional polyneuropathy: this may be the shortcomings of thiamine pyridoxine, cyanocobalamin, niacin, Pantothenic acid, alone or in combination.

Thiamin deficiency: this leads to neurological, cardiac or mal-efectos, is known as dry beriberi. Although originally described among people who subsist on rice polished as the main energy intake, the present beriberi is seen more among alcoholics. Neurologic injury takes the form of polyneuropathy symmetrical sensorimotor, characterized clinically by tingling, numbness and distal parts of the extremities.Motor phenomena are lower motor neuron bilateral lesions characterized by loss of two times ankle, gout and the fall of the wrist. There are deep, giving rise to the sensitivity of the calf hyperaesthesia. Some cases can develop Wernicke's encephalopathy.

Vitamin B12 deficiency resulting neuropathy can coexist with myelopathy in many cases.Neuropathy can be provable in 50-60% of subjects suffering from pellagra and subclinical deficiency of vitamin B6 deficiency niacina.La form produces polyneuropathy.More floridly is considered as a complication of isonicotinic acid (INH) hydrazide therapy.6 Mg of vitamin B6 administration prevents the development of this type of neuropathy.

Burning feet syndrome (also known as a condition in which the subject experience burning pain in the feet, especially Gopalan serious during the night, in order to interrupt the dream. examination may reveal cyanosis, excessive sweating, pallor, capillary dilation on both third pies.Una areas of these patients may show the sensibilidad.Mas loss often have may be presente.Muchos patients respond dramatically to injections of Pantothenic acid, suggesting that this vitamin deficiency can play an important role in the pathogenesis of the syndrome.)

Nutritional disorders of the nervous system and its manifestations

Some food nutrient deficiency can cause disorders of the body systems. The type system is no exception and disorders such as myelopathy, encephalopathy, visual disorders, malnutrition and slow development of the brain are all nutritional disorders of the nervous system.

Myelopathy

Demyelination can occur in lateral and subsequent columns of the spinal cord as a result of the deficiency of vitamin B12. Although it is mostly seen as a complication of pernicious anemia, can develop in resulting from causes of vitamin B12 deficiency.Myelopathy manifests as subacute combined degeneration, i.e. dysfunction pyramidal extensions and the subsequent columns.The other parts of the nervous system affected include peripheral nerves and optic nerves. the Neurologic injury and Hematological abnormalities (macrocytic anemia) coexist in many cases, but in some, neurologic injury may precede the anemia.Tratamiento with vitamin B12 always corrects anaemia, but if the condition is advanced neuropathy is irreversible.

Encephalopathy

Thiamin deficiency causes the classic example of nutritional encephalopathy, Wernicke's encephalopathy.The pathological changes include demyelination and Petechial haemorrhages in and around mammilary bodies and the third ventricle and aqueduct.Wernicke's encephalopathy can manifest modified palsies consciousness, ataxia, nystagmus and ocular.Una acute encephalopathy may develop in alcoholics and undernourished people who receive large doses of carbohydrates (especially glucose parenteral therapy) without concurrent tiamina.La management response to the parenteral administration of thiamine 100 mg is dramatic in such cases. Encephalopathy is a feature of Pellagra (niacin deficiency). East manifest as dementia, limbs, spasticity ataxia extrapyramindal riots.

Visual disturbances

Nutritional amblyopia can develop multiple nutrients including vitamin B12 deficiency. This value defines in insidiously with or vision, photophobia and discomfort of retrobulbar on how to move the eyes. Reduced visual acuity.Develop central or parenteral scotomas but peripheral vision fields can remain intact.Stracham syndrome is a combination of visual disturbances, ataxia, deafness and Mucocutaneous lesions.

Malnutrition and brain development

The human brain shows jets development between 15 to 20 weeks of gestation and growth continues for about two years after birth.The most important events are the proliferation of neurons and glial cells tracts myelination.Severe malnutrition (protein and energy) that occur during fetal life and in the early parts of children can leave behind the damage that not correctable by therapy posterior.Esta condition is quite common in desarrollo.A countries regret that the problem of child malnutrition is closely linked with the socio-economic and geographic factors is maximum public health importance to ensure adequate nutrition during pregnancy and lactation.

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