Subarachnoid, basal meningitis and neoplasms obstructing the aqueduct is caused by bleeding. The basal hole may be hampered in meningitis and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The skull is not extended if Hydrocephalus occurs after the closure of the fontanelles. Intracranial tension rise leads to radiological characteristics such as the resorption processes cliniod and thining of vault of skull giving rise to a 'beaten silver' aspect.
Higher intracranial pressure
Persistent increase tension of the MCA's 120 mm (or water) in the recumbent position CSF constitutes high intracranial tension (ICT). The normal contents of the skull is nervous tissue, the cicrculating blood and CSF. Increased intracranial pressure can be increased in the contents of the skull. Example, clots, tumours, abscesses or swelling of the brain or due to an obstruction to the flow of CSF in the subarachnoid space to be absorbed by the arachnoid granulations. Degree of compensation you can normalize the intracranial tension in health and disease. These mechanisms include:
1. the displacement of the CSF skull and
2. drainage of blood by emissary veins.
When you develop increased intracranial pressure, these compensation mechanisms are exceeded. Increased intracranial pressure leads to disruption of hypothalamic vasomotor regulatory mechanisms. These lead to the development of bradycardia and systolic hypertension (Cushing vasomotor phenomena). Climb further in the results of the tension in the displacement of the brain. Rising tension caused by a unilateral brain injury, the ipsilateral hemisphere is pushed toward the opposite in the sickle pseudotumor-subfalcine herniation. The medial part of the temporal lobe is pushed on the hernia hiatus-herniates tentorial. This gives rise to the third nerve palsy. Ipsilateral cerebral peduncles pressure leads to contralateral hemiparesis. Contre-coup in the cerebral peduncle opposed by the free margin or the interhemisferica so pressure gives rise to the ipsilateral side hemiparesis as well. The tension increases even more, both pupils dilate, both the cerebral peduncles are compressed and photography is a decerebrate rigidity. Opistotonic seizures may develop. When intracranial pressure reaches that of arterial blood pressure, cerebral blood flow is decreased significantly. Medullary centers are dp [ressed.] The tonsils herniated down the foramen magnum, compression of the spinal cord and this leads to respiratory paralysis and death. Posterior cranial Fossa lesions lead to ICT, before the injury supratentorial.
Clinical features
Headache: symptom early is the headache, which initially is dull and tends to worsen in the mornings. It is later passed to be persistent and assumes a character of rupture. Strong increase in intracranial tension caused by coughing, straining at stool or agachada to forward gives rise to the aggravation of headaches. Later the headache may be so severe and constant that the patient can not even complain to less specifically requested.
Vomiting: The same structures (vomiting Center) cord stimulation leads to vomiting without effort and projectiles. Projectile vomiting nausea is usually absent.
Loss of vision: vision as it rises, deteriorates. They can follow defects in Visual fields, diplopia and total blindness. Copy background shows papilledema and optic atrophy, later.
Mental changes: include apathy, abnormal behavior, and the lack of attention to personal details. With more boom in ICT patient can become comatose.
Seizures: This can be the symptom presents many. These can be generalized motor, focal, complex, sensory or psychomotor type.
Focal neurologic deficit: they depend on the location of the primary lesion. These can take the form of voiding as focal seizures, paralysis, or disturbance of superior functions phenomena.
Hypothalamic riots: endocrine abnormalities develop cases long, considering that the increase of ICT is gradual and prolonged. These can cause disruptions in the hypothalamus, pituitary, or both. Symptoms included a amenorrhea, precocious puberty, obesity, the Gigantism, drowsiness and the binge.
In children, constipation is common and this gives as a result of fear to defecate since the Act of defecation causes rapid worsening of the headache.
Common causes of high ICT
1 Injury space occupation: tumours, abscesses, granulomas, cysts
2 Inflammation: Meningitis, encephalitis, cerebral edema
3. Vascular accidents: cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid, episodes thromboembolic, giving rise to a cerebral oedema, cerebral venous thrombosis.
4. An obstruction to the flow of CSF
5. Miscellaneous causes: systemic hypertension, particularly malignant; hypertension chronic respiratory disease, water intoxication.
Research: apart from general investigations to exclude systemic disorders, specific research include radiological studies, electroencephalography, tomography, studies of isotopes and CSF examination. It is recalled that lumbar puncture is risky in the presence of high ICT and this should not be done without neurological care.
General measures
Osmotic agents: administration of 20% of 300 ml as an intravenous drip of 30 minutes, mannitol solution helps draw the fluid in the brain and transfer it to the vascular compartment. This leads to a temporary decline in ICT. Other solutions of Hyperosmotic as 50% sucrose (50 ml) and 20% urea (200 ml) also act on the same principle, but they are less efficient. Dexamethasone in 8-12 mb dose given by intramuscular route every 6 hours also serves to decrease it.
Specific management: treating the cause relieves ICT also elevated. In many cases, surgical measures so require.
I laugh so hard always receipt email spam scammers only thereby gain 4digit/3digit/5digit figures for free. There is no way can win that amount in a short period of time online just like that. To make such a thing happen, is necessary born, determination, coherence and the microscopic observations. And one of the ways that you can apply all these factors in achieving success is through article networks. No need to buy any eBook to learn and is not a system to make money, rather than a strategy of hard work and good work put together to yield the greatest possible success. For more information about this new strategy (article networks) go to this link....
No comments:
Post a Comment