The main types of primary involuntary movements are tremors, chorea, athetosis, Dystonia, ballism, myoclonus, asterexis. Epileptiform seizures are complex involuntary movements, seen in primary neurological disorders (e.g., epilepsy) or systemic diseases even without neurological involvement (hypoglycemia). Seizure activity can take different patterns.
ICT (spasms0 habit are semi-automatic motor patterns developed by people with tense personality.) Initially, the voluntary are, but later part of compulsive behavior. Discussed here are: extrapyramidal, myoclonus, Dystonia, (Dystonia musculorum deformans) and Ballism idiopathic Torsion Dystonia.
Extrapyramidal
This is a syndrome that is unable to maintain a single muscle or groups of muscles in a fixed position. The limbs, face, tongue or whole body undergo an involuntary torsion sinous slow movement that glows continuously. The distal parts are affected more often. Extrapyramidal can sometimes unilateral. Choreo-athetosis occurring at an early age is a sequel to hypoxic damage to the brain or kernicterus. Pathological lesions observed in the striated corpus. Temporary Athetosis can occur in hepatic encephalopathy or as a toxic reaction to phenothiazines and antipsychotic drugs.
Myoclonus
These are extremely rugged shock as contractions of muscles. They are irregular in time and amplitude. It can resemble Korea, but they are much faster. They may be associated with sensory as strong sounds or flashing light phenomena. Some areas of the body by stimuli such as touch trigger stimulation can cause an attack. Myoclonus aroused by muscle activity is called "action myoclonus". Myoclonus is often seen in subjects suffering from epilepsy idiopathic, atypical patitmal and akinetic seizures. It may be associated with more severe dementia, encephalitis, storage lipids, Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis and disorders cerebellar disease neurological disorders. Palatine myoclonus is rhythmic movements of the soft palate at a rate of 30-60/min. Persists during sleep. The exact nature of myoclonus and its pathophysiology are not yet fully understood. Nocturnal myoclonus may occur in normal individuals.
Dystonia
It is a slow torsion movements of the head, neck, trunk or proximal extremities segments resulting in grotesque movements of the body and distorted positions. Roughly resembling athetosis, Dystonia but differes from it in his longer duration, the persistence of the postural anomaly and affection axial muscles. «Espasmo torsion» is Dystonia involving the lumbar and cervical muscles. It is a symptom hypoxic damage to the brain, kernicterus, Huntington Korea, lipid and toxicity of phenothiazine storage disease.
Torsion Dystonia idiopathic (Dystonia musculorum deformans)
It is an inherited disorder genetically. This usually starts in childhood or adolescence with a characteristic gait disturbance that child walk on their toes. Subsequently, Dystonic movements and postures of grostesque trunk and arms appear and generalized dystonia is evident within ten years of the occurrence. Sensations and intellectual function are unimpaired. Not cause it to be known by the disease and the brain is normal. Muscle spasm of Dystonia may be partly controlled by neuroleptic drugs. Stereotaxic surgery may help some patients.
Ballism
It is violent abnormal movements that consist of extremities caused by strong contractions of proximal muscles flinging uncontrollable movements. Limb often only one more or affected limbs on one side only. Upper limbs are affected more often. Injury is at the core of contralateral subthalamic (the Stepnoye body). This core is affected by vascular occlusion, infections, tumors or trauma.
Involuntary movements cause severe discomfort and create psychological problems for the patient. You can disable that interfere with volitional activity and dream. Athetosis, dystonis ballism conditions give rise to problems in nursing.
Management involves frug, attention to the root cause and communicable cases, therapy injury stereotaxic to abolish the abnormal movement production.
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